El Niño Southern Oscillation
Current ENSO conditions and historical trends
The Niño 3.4 index tracks sea surface temperature anomalies in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Values above +0.5°C indicate El Niño conditions, while values below -0.5°C indicate La Niña conditions.
Sea Surface Temperature Hovmöller
Hovmöller diagrams show the evolution of sea surface temperature anomalies along the equator over time. These visualizations reveal the eastward and westward propagation of warm and cold water masses, helping to identify the development and decay of El Niño and La Niña events.
